How to format your references using the IOP SciNotes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IOP SciNotes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Ellsworth W L 2013 Injection-induced earthquakes Science 341 1225942

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Rice W R and Friberg U 2008 Genetics. Functionally degenerate--Y not so? Science 319 42–3

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Scarf D, Hayne H and Colombo M 2011 Pigeons on par with primates in numerical competence Science 334 1664

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Musallam S, Corneil B D, Greger B, Scherberger H and Andersen R A 2004 Cognitive control signals for neural prosthetics Science 305 258–62

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Pohl J 2011 Building Science (Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)

An edited book

[1]

Ermolayev V, Mayr H C, Nikitchenko M, Spivakovsky A and Zholtkevych G 2013 Information and Communication Technologies in Education, Research, and Industrial Applications: 9th International Conference, ICTERI 2013, Kherson, Ukraine, June 19-22, 2013, Revised Selected Papers vol 412 (Cham: Springer International Publishing)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Karwatowski M, Russek P, Wielgosz M, Koryciak S and Wiatr K 2016 Energy Efficient Calculations of Text Similarity Measure on FPGA-Accelerated Computing Platforms Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics: 11th International Conference, PPAM 2015, Krakow, Poland, September 6-9, 2015. Revised Selected Papers, Part I Lecture Notes in Computer Science ed R Wyrzykowski, E Deelman, J Dongarra, K Karczewski, J Kitowski and K Wiatr (Cham: Springer International Publishing) pp 31–40

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IOP SciNotes.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A 2017 Scientists Found A New Way To Test Relativity Using Stars And A Supermassive Black Hole IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 1995 Exempting FAA from Procurement and Personnel Rules (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Wahl R J 2012 Agustín Barrios and musical identity: Tangos in early twentieth-century guitar repertory Doctoral dissertation (Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Grynbaum M M 2017 White House Is Fighting A Familiar Foe: The Press New York Times A14

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IOP SciNotes
ISSN (online)	2633-1357
Scope