How to format your references using the ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ober, C.K. Self-Assembly. Persistence Pays Off. Science 2002, 296, 859–861.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rittle, J.; Green, M.T. Cytochrome P450 Compound I: Capture, Characterization, and C-H Bond Activation Kinetics. Science 2010, 330, 933–937.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kormendy, J.; Bender, R.; Cornell, M.E. Supermassive Black Holes Do Not Correlate with Galaxy Disks or Pseudobulges. Nature 2011, 469, 374–376.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Raymond, P.A.; Oh, N.-H.; Turner, R.E.; Broussard, W. Anthropogenically Enhanced Fluxes of Water and Carbon from the Mississippi River. Nature 2008, 451, 449–452.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cauvin, C.; Escobar, F.; Serradj, A. New Approaches in Thematic Cartography; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2010; ISBN 9781118558010.

An edited book

Arcidiacono, G. Six Sigma: Manuale per Green Belt-Minibook; Calabrese, C., Rossi, S., Eds.; Springer: Milano, 2007; ISBN 9788847006997.

A chapter in an edited book

Bowes, G. Chapter 5 Single-Cell C4 Photosynthesis in Aquatic Plants. In C4 Photosynthesis and Related CO2 Concentrating Mechanisms; Raghavendra, A.S., Sage, R.F., Eds.; Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2011; pp. 63–80 ISBN 9789048194063.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. Failed Supernova Forms Black Hole Without Explosion (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office FAA Budget: Key Issues Need to Be Addressed; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1992;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Freund, S.H. The Relationship of Academic Courses to Skills Required Of Automobile Repair Technicians. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University: St. Charles, MO, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik, J. Fittingly, a Frank Finale for ‘Girls.’ New York Times 2017, C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
Abbreviation	ISPRS Int. J. Geoinf.
ISSN (online)	2220-9964
Scope