How to format your references using the Journal of Baltic Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Baltic Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lorenz, Ralph D. 2010. “Planetary Science. Winds of Change on Titan.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 329 (5991): 519–520.

A journal article with 2 authors

Park, Eunyong, and Tom A. Rapoport. 2011. “Preserving the Membrane Barrier for Small Molecules during Bacterial Protein Translocation.” Nature 473 (7346): 239–242.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shin, Chanseok, Ying Feng, and James L. Manley. 2004. “Dephosphorylated SRp38 Acts as a Splicing Repressor in Response to Heat Shock.” Nature 427 (6974): 553–558.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Lee, Hau-Nan, Keewook Paeng, Stephen F. Swallen, and M. D. Ediger. 2009. “Direct Measurement of Molecular Mobility in Actively Deformed Polymer Glasses.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 323 (5911): 231–234.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ho, Rodney J. Y., and Milo Gibaldi. 2003. Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Plemenos, Dimitri, and Georgios Miaoulis, eds. 2010. Intelligent Computer Graphics 2010. Vol. 321. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Fujii, Morimitsu, and Akiko Arata. 2010. “Adrenaline Modulates on the Respiratory Network Development.” In New Frontiers in Respiratory Control: XIth Annual Oxford Conference on Modeling and Control of Breathing, edited by Ikuo Homma, Hiroshi Onimaru, and Yoshinosuke Fukuchi, 25–28. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Baltic Studies.

Blog post

Evans, Katy. 2016. “These Gorgeous ‘Planet Earth II’ Videos Are The Best Cure For Election Anxiety.” IFLScience, IFLScience, November 8.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2014. Screening Partnership Program: TSA Has Improved Application Guidance and Monitoring of Screener Performance, and Continues to Improve Cost Comparison Methods. GAO-14-787T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Koonin, Lisa M. 2013. “Acceptability of Pharmacies Serving as Primary Dispensers of Antiviral Drugs during an Influenza Pandemic: Perspectives of Pharmacy Executives.” Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg, Ben. 2017. “Serious Knee Injury Fells Mattek-Sands.” New York Times, July 7, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lorenz 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Lorenz 2010; Park and Rapoport 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Park and Rapoport 2011)
Three authors: (Shin, Feng, and Manley 2004)
4 or more authors: (Lee et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Baltic Studies
Abbreviation	J. Balt. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0162-9778
ISSN (online)	1751-7877
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Cultural Studies