How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Horton JD: Physiology. Unfolding lipid metabolism. Science 320:1433–1434, 2008

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Cameron R, Schüssler M: Solar physics. The crucial role of surface magnetic fields for the solar dynamo. Science 347:1333–1335, 2015

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Schieber J, Southard J, Thaisen K: Accretion of mudstone beds from migrating floccule ripples. Science 318:1760–1763, 2007

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Gustafson DE Jr, Stoecker DK, Johnson MD, et al: Cryptophyte algae are robbed of their organelles by the marine ciliate Mesodinium rubrum. Nature 405:1049–1052, 2000

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lu M: Arithmetic and Logic in Computer Systems. Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005

An edited book

1. Moreira PMGP, Silva LFM da, Castro PMST de (eds): Structural Connections for Lightweight Metallic Structures. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, 2012

A chapter in an edited book

1. Danger J-L, Guilley S, Barthe L, et al: Countermeasures Against Physical Attacks in FPGAs, in Badrignans B, Danger JL, Fischer V, et al (eds): Security Trends for FPGAS: From Secured to Secure Reconfigurable Systems. Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands, 2011, pp 73–100

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Oncology.

Blog post

1. Andrews R: Here’s A Glorious List Of All The Animals Known To Fart [Internet]. IFLScience , 2017[cited 2018 Oct 30] Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/glorious-list-animals-known-fart/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office: Gulf War Illnesses: Preliminary Assessment of DOD Plume Modeling for U.S. Troops’ Exposure to Chemical Agents. Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 2003

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Chen C-Y: The analysis of communication problems and language barriers between patients and physicians in California, 2010

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Saslow L: One Pilgrim and His Very Personal Hymnal. New York Times 14LI10, 2006

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^{1, 2}.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Oncology
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	0732-183X
ISSN (online)	1527-7755
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology