How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cohen J. AIDS MEETING: South African Leader Declines to Join the Chorus on HIV and AIDS. Science. 2000;289(5477):222a.

A journal article with 2 authors

Garnero EJ, Jeanloz R. GEOPHYSICS: Enhanced: Earth’s Enigmatic Interface. Science. 2000;289(5476):70-71.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dodds PS, Muhamad R, Watts DJ. An experimental study of search in global social networks. Science. 2003;301(5634):827-829.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Huizinga EG, Tsuji S, Romijn RAP, et al. Structures of glycoprotein Ibalpha and its complex with von Willebrand factor A1 domain. Science. 2002;297(5584):1176-1179.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schattke W, Díez Muiño R. Quantum Monte Carlo Programming. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2013.

An edited book

Rocha Á, Correia AM, Tan FB, Stroetmann KA, eds. New Perspectives in Information Systems and Technologies, Volume 1. Vol 275. Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Bonadeo CM, Guidi A, Straface A, et al. Abū Bakr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad ibn Zakarīyāʾ (Rhazes). In: Lagerlund H, ed. Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy. Springer Netherlands; 2011:6-10.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma.

Blog post

Davis J. A British Man May Have Been Cured Of HIV. IFLScience. October 3, 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: FAA Plans to Replace Its Host Computer System Because Future Availability Cannot Be Assured. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fahmy C. Intoxicated by Music: A Content Analysis of the Prevalence of Alcohol, Illicit Substances, and Tobacco in Popular Music from 2000 to 2011. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodara S. Becoming a Vampire, or Almost Anything Else. New York Times. September 6, 2015:WE9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Orthop. Trauma
ISSN (print)	0976-5662
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine