How to format your references using the Journal of Cold Regions Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Cold Regions Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ruiz, J. 2014. “The early heat loss evolution of Mars and their implications for internal and environmental history.” Scientific reports, 4: 4338.

A journal article with 2 authors

Enemark, E. J., and L. Joshua-Tor. 2006. “Mechanism of DNA translocation in a replicative hexameric helicase.” Nature, 442 (7100): 270–275.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kortenkamp, S. J., G. W. Wetherill, and S. Inaba. 2001. “Runaway growth of planetary embryos facilitated by massive bodies in a protoplanetary disk.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 293 (5532): 1127–1129.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Farrell, A. E., R. J. Plevin, B. T. Turner, A. D. Jones, M. O’Hare, and D. M. Kammen. 2006. “Ethanol can contribute to energy and environmental goals.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 311 (5760): 506–508.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Peterson, R. L., and F. F. Murtha. 2010. MarketPsych. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Heisig, P., P. J. Clarkson, and S. Vajna, eds. 2010. Modelling and Management of Engineering Processes. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Molodikova, I., and A. Makhrova. 2007. “Urbanization patterns in Russia in the post-Soviet era.” The Post-Socialist City: Urban Form and Space Transformations in Central and Eastern Europe after Socialism, The GeoJournal Library, edited by K. Stanilov, 53–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Cold Regions Engineering.

Blog post

Fang, J. 2014. “Highest Altitude Ice Age Settlement Found in the Peruvian Andes.” IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/highest-altitude-ice-age-settlement-found-peruvian-andes/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1998. Balancing Flexibility and Accountability: Grant Program Design in Education and Other Areas. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tran, A. 2012. “A psychoeducational program on hoarding within the Vietnamese community: Grant writing proposal.” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. 2015. “Europe; Azerbaijan: Journalist Critical of Leader Is Sentenced to 7 1/2 Years in Prison.” New York Times, September 2, 2015.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ruiz 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Enemark and Joshua-Tor 2006; Ruiz 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Enemark and Joshua-Tor 2006)
Three or more authors: (Farrell et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Abbreviation	J. Cold Reg. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0887-381X
ISSN (online)	1943-5495
Scope	Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering