How to format your references using the Journal of Computer Information Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Computer Information Systems (JCIS). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Branch D. 2003. Astrophysics. When a white dwarf explodes. Science 299(5603):53–54.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Laurance WF, Luizão RCC. 2007. Driving a wedge into the Amazon. Nature 448(7152):409–410.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Wellman CH, Osterloff PL, Mohiuddin U. 2003. Fragments of the earliest land plants. Nature 425(6955):282–285.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Hsu GW, Ober M, Carell T, Beese LS. 2004. Error-prone replication of oxidatively damaged DNA by a high-fidelity DNA polymerase. Nature 431(7005):217–221.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Arendt JS, Lorenzo DK. 2000. Evaluating Process Safety in the Chemical Industry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

[1]

Bucchianico AD, Mattheij RMM, Peletier MA (eds). 2006. Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 2004. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Makbol NM, Khoo BE. 2013. A Hybrid Robust Image Watermarking Scheme Using Integer Wavelet Transform, Singular Value Decomposition and Arnold Transform. In: Zaman HB, Robinson P, Olivier P, Shih TK, Velastin S (eds) Advances in Visual Informatics: Third International Visual Informatics Conference, IVIC 2013, Selangor, Malaysia, November 13-15, 2013. Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 36–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Computer Information Systems.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. 2015. Zombie Worms Chewed Their Way Through Prehistoric Marine Reptile Bones. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/zombie-worms-chewed-their-way-through-prehistoric-marine-reptile-bones/, [30/10/2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. 1996. Consumer Health Informatics: Emerging Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Kratchman J. 2017. Predicting Chronic Non-Cancer Toxicity Levels from Short-Term Toxicity Data. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Hodgman J. 2016. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times :MM22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Computer Information Systems
Abbreviation	J. Comput. Inf. Syst.
ISSN (print)	0887-4417
ISSN (online)	2380-2057
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Information Systems Education