How to format your references using the Journal of Dentistry: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Dentistry: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J. Pan, From industrial toward ecological in China, Science 336 (2012) 1397.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

R.L. Lieberman, A.C. Rosenzweig, Crystal structure of a membrane-bound metalloenzyme that catalyses the biological oxidation of methane, Nature 434 (2005) 177–182.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. Trillo, J.S.T. Gongora, A. Fratalocchi, Wave instabilities in the presence of non vanishing background in nonlinear Schrödinger systems, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 7285.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

I. Dror, T. Amitay, B. Yaron, B. Berkowitz, Salt-pump mechanism for contaminant intrusion into coastal aquifers, Science 300 (2003) 950.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

C. Waine, Obesity and Weight Management in Primary Care, Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK, 2008.

An edited book

[1]

D. Meissner, L. Gokhberg, A. Sokolov, eds., Science, Technology and Innovation Policy for the Future: Potentials and Limits of Foresight Studies, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

V.S. Budhram-Mahadeo, R.J. Heads, Heat Shock Protein-27 (Hsp-27) in Breast Cancers: Regulation of Expression and Function, in: S.K. Calderwood, M.Y. Sherman, D.R. Ciocca (Eds.), Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2007: pp. 93–130.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Dentistry: X.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Jellyfish Rearranges Its Arms to Recover From Amputation, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/jellyfish-rearranges-its-arms-recover-amputation/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Aviation Safety: Improved Data Quality and Analysis Capabilities Are Needed as FAA Plans a Risk-Based Approach to Safety Oversight, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Y. Oh, Prediction of Steady State Response in Dynamic Mode Atomic Force Microscopy and Its Applications in Nano-metrology, Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

N. MacFARQUHAR, Closed Before It Opens, New York Times (2017) C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Dentistry: X
ISSN (print)	2589-7004
Scope