How to format your references using the Zoology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Zoology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cattaneo, A., 2015. Astrophysics: The slow death of red galaxies. Nature 521, 164–165.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ohman, M.D., Hirche, H.J., 2001. Density-dependent mortality in an oceanic copepod population. Nature 412, 638–641.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tritsch, N.X., Ding, J.B., Sabatini, B.L., 2012. Dopaminergic neurons inhibit striatal output through non-canonical release of GABA. Nature 490, 262–266.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Nakamura, A., Kobayashi, M., Kuraoka, M., Yuasa, K., Yugeta, N., Okada, T., Takeda, S., 2013. Initial pulmonary respiration causes massive diaphragm damage and hyper-CKemia in Duchenne muscular dystrophy dog. Sci. Rep. 3, 2183.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Adamowicz, Z., Zbierski, P., 1997. Logic of Mathematics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Singh, L.R., Dar, T.A., Ahmad, P. (Eds.), 2015. Proteostasis and Chaperone Surveillance. Springer India, New Delhi.

A chapter in an edited book

Kemp, G.P., Willson, C.S., Rogers, J.D., Westphal, K.A., Binselam, S.A., 2014. Adapting to Change in the Lowermost Mississippi River: Implications for Navigation, Flood Control and Restoration of the Delta Ecosystem, in: Day, J.W., Kemp, G.P., Freeman, A.M., Muth, D.P. (Eds.), Perspectives on the Restoration of the Mississippi Delta: The Once and Future Delta, Estuaries of the World. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 51–84.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Zoology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2016. The Amazing Things Poo Can Tell You About An Animal’s Health [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/amazing-things-poo-can-tell-you-about-animal-s-health/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2012. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education: Survey of Federal Programs (GAO-12-110SP, January 2012), an E-supplement to GAO-12-108 (No. GAO-12-110SP). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Estrin, J.L., 2014. Sitting in the Fire: An Exploration of Soul-Making in Prison (Doctoral dissertation). Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M., 2012. Previous Success for Witness in Mets Case. New York Times B18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cattaneo, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Cattaneo, 2015; Ohman and Hirche, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ohman and Hirche, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Nakamura et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Zoology
Abbreviation	Zoology (Jena)
ISSN (print)	0944-2006
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology