How to format your references using the Journal of Discrete Algorithms citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Discrete Algorithms. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D.L. Theobald, A formal test of the theory of universal common ancestry, Nature 465 (2010) 219–222.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

P. Sharma, J.P. Allison, The future of immune checkpoint therapy, Science 348 (2015) 56–61.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

V. Seufert, N. Ramankutty, J.A. Foley, Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture, Nature 485 (2012) 229–232.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

S.E. Baranzini, J. Mudge, J.C. van Velkinburgh, P. Khankhanian, I. Khrebtukova, N.A. Miller, L. Zhang, A.D. Farmer, C.J. Bell, R.W. Kim, G.D. May, J.E. Woodward, S.J. Caillier, J.P. McElroy, R. Gomez, M.J. Pando, L.E. Clendenen, E.E. Ganusova, F.D. Schilkey, T. Ramaraj, O.A. Khan, J.J. Huntley, S. Luo, P.-Y. Kwok, T.D. Wu, G.P. Schroth, J.R. Oksenberg, S.L. Hauser, S.F. Kingsmore, Genome, epigenome and RNA sequences of monozygotic twins discordant for multiple sclerosis, Nature 464 (2010) 1351–1356.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

E. Bauer, Design for Reliability, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

F. Canova, L. Poletto, eds., Optical Technologies for Extreme-Ultraviolet and Soft X-ray Coherent Sources, 1st ed. 2015, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Grimes, R.E. Grinter, Designing Persuasion: Health Technology for Low-Income African American Communities, in: Y. de Kort, W. IJsselsteijn, C. Midden, B. Eggen, B.J. Fogg (Eds.), Persuasive Technology: Second International Conference on Persuasive Technology, PERSUASIVE 2007, Palo Alto, CA, USA, April 26-27, 2007, Revised Selected Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007: pp. 24–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Discrete Algorithms.

Blog post

[1]

K. Evans, Barbary Macaques To Get Highest Protection Level To Fight Pet Trade, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/barbary-macaques-to-get-highest-protection-level-to-fight-pet-trade/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, USDA: Information on Classical Plant and Animal Breeding Activities, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M.D. Swenson, Second generation Latinos and the perceived barriers to college enrollment, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Hodara, The (Forever) New Romantics, New York Times (2016) CT9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Discrete Algorithms
Abbreviation	J. Discrete Algorithms (Amst.)
ISSN (print)	1570-8667
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics Theoretical Computer Science