How to format your references using the Journal of Economic Structures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Economic Structures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zerhouni E (2003) Medicine. The NIH Roadmap. Science 302:63–72

A journal article with 2 authors

Lukas D, Huchard E (2014) Sexual conflict. The evolution of infanticide by males in mammalian societies. Science 346:841–844

A journal article with 3 authors

Melton C, Judson RL, Blelloch R (2010) Opposing microRNA families regulate self-renewal in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nature 463:621–626

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yuan Y, Jiang C, Liu L, et al (2014) Convenient, sensitive and high-throughput method for screening botanic origin. Sci Rep 4:5395

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lin XS (2006) Introductory Stochastic Analysis for Finance and Insurance: Lin/Introductory. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Combemale B, Cheng BHC, France RB, et al (eds) (2015) Globalizing Domain-Specific Languages: International Dagstuhl Seminar, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, October 5-10, 2014, Revised Papers. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Flesca S, Furfaro F, Parisi F (2011) Consistent Answers to Aggregate Queries. In: Furfaro F, Parisi F (eds) Repairing and Querying Databases under Aggregate Constraints. Springer, New York, NY, pp 47–54

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Economic Structures.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) What Is The Secret To Being Good At Maths? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/what-secret-being-good-maths/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1983) Response to Specific Questions on the Indian Point Probabilistic Safety Study. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodriguez F (2009) A historical analysis of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide in the United States. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Marx L (2014) Saying ‘Yes’ Before a Studio Audience. New York Times ST18

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Zerhouni 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Zerhouni 2003; Lukas and Huchard 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lukas and Huchard 2014)
Three or more authors: (Yuan et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Economic Structures
Abbreviation	J. Econ. Struct.
ISSN (online)	2193-2409
Scope