How to format your references using the Journal of Emergency Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Emergency Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Daëron M. Cell biology. Signaling shifts in allergy responses. Science. 2014;343(6174):982-983.

A journal article with 2 authors

Atkinson T, Leeder M. Geology. Canyon cutting on a grand time scale. Science. 2008;319(5868):1343-1344.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gonçalves B, Balcan D, Vespignani A. Human mobility and the worldwide impact of intentional localized highly pathogenic virus release. Sci Rep. 2013;3:810.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Funato Y, Makino J, Hut P, Kokubo E, Kinoshita D. The formation of Kuiper-belt binaries through exchange reactions. Nature. 2004;427(6974):518-520.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jenkinson J, Hyde T, Ahmad S. Building Blocks for Learning: Occupational Therapy Approaches. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Taillefer M, Ma D, eds. Amination and Formation of Sp2 C-N Bonds. Vol 46. Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Ferrise R, Moriondo M, Trombi G, Miglietta F, Bindi M. Climate Change Impacts on Typical Mediterranean Crops and Evaluation of Adaptation Strategies to Cope With. In: Navarra A, Tubiana L, eds. Regional Assessment of Climate Change in the Mediterranean: Volume 2: Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services and People. Advances in Global Change Research. Springer Netherlands; 2013:49-70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Emergency Nursing.

Blog post

Andrew E. Algorithm Improves Object Recognition For Robots. IFLScience. January 12, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/algorithm-improves-object-recognition-robots/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Deferred Maintenance: Reporting Requirements and Identified Issues. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nam S. A Method for Teaching Jazz Improvisation to Beginning Pianists in a Group Setting. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker P, Schmidt MS, Haberman M. Trump Lashes Out At Russia Inquiry And Its Overseers. New York Times. July 19, 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Emergency Nursing
Abbreviation	J. Emerg. Nurs.
ISSN (print)	0099-1767
Scope	Emergency