How to format your references using the Phytotaxa citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Phytotaxa. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Epstein, I.R. (2007) Chemistry. Can droplets and bubbles think? Science (New York, N.Y.) 315: 775–776.

A journal article with 2 authors

Venters, B.J. & Pugh, B.F. (2013) Genomic organization of human transcription initiation complexes. Nature 502: 53–58.

A journal article with 3 authors

Menz, M.H.M., Dixon, K.W. & Hobbs, R.J. (2013) Ecology. Hurdles and opportunities for landscape-scale restoration. Science (New York, N.Y.) 339: 526–527.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fischer, T.P., Hilton, D.R., Zimmer, M.M., Shaw, A.M., Sharp, Z.D. & Walker, J.A. (2002) Subduction and recycling of nitrogen along the Central American margin. Science (New York, N.Y.) 297: 1154–1157.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tikhomirov, V.V. (2016) Hydrogeochemistry Fundamentals and Advances. John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Dorey, P. (2016) The British Coalition Government, 2010-2015: A Marriage of Inconvenience. M. Garnett (ed.). Palgrave Macmillan UK, London. XI, 311 p. 4 illus., 1 illus. in color p.

A chapter in an edited book

Zazkis, R., Sinclair, N. & Liljedahl, P. (2013) Linear Measurement: How Long is a Stick? In: N. Sinclair & P. Liljedahl (eds.) Lesson Play in Mathematics Education: A Tool for Research and Professional Development. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 33–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Phytotaxa.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2016) House Science Committee Tweets Breitbart Article Denouncing Climate Change. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/house-science-committee-tweets-climate-change-denial-breitbart-article/ (October 30, 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1989) Trainer Aircraft: Plans to Replace the Existing Fleet. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lopez, D.E. (2009) Understanding and responding to culturally based spiritual phenomena among Latino clinicians. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. (2003) A Homecoming for Balanchine; City Ballet Shows St. Petersburg That a Master’s Art Is Still Alive. New York Times: E1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Epstein 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Epstein 2007; Venters & Pugh 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Venters & Pugh 2013)
Three or more authors: (Fischer et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Phytotaxa
ISSN (print)	1179-3155
ISSN (online)	1179-3163
Scope