How to format your references using the Journal of Empirical Finance citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Empirical Finance. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P., 2004. Baywatch: San Francisco. Nature 427, 658–659.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pan, H., Chen, B., 2014. Ultra-flexibility and unusual electronic, magnetic and chemical properties of waved graphenes and nanoribbons. Sci. Rep. 4, 4198.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ryu, W.S., Berry, R.M., Berg, H.C., 2000. Torque-generating units of the flagellar motor of Escherichia coli have a high duty ratio. Nature 403, 444–447.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chmiola, J., Yushin, G., Gogotsi, Y., Portet, C., Simon, P., Taberna, P.L., 2006. Anomalous increase in carbon capacitance at pore sizes less than 1 nanometer. Science 313, 1760–1763.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dunnivant, F.M., Anders, E., 2005. A Basic Introduction to Pollutant Fate and Transport. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Ascher, W., 2016. Development Strategies and Inter-Group Violence: Insights on Conflict-Sensitive Development, Politics, Economics, and Inclusive Development. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Gillick, J., Puri, P., 2009. Pre-operative Management and Vascular Access, in: Puri, P., Höllwarth, M. (Eds.), Pediatric Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 27–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Empirical Finance.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2017. How Termites Came To Build The World’s Greatest “Skyscrapers” [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2013. Federal Retirement Processing: OPM Is Pursuing Incremental Information Technology Improvements after Canceling a Modernization Plagued by Management Weaknesses (No. GAO-13-580T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Clayton-Clark, C., 2012. Academic performance strategies implemented by successful California superintendents in low-performing school districts (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J., 2016. Latin, Country, Reggaeton: Great Range in Mets’ Playlists. New York Times SP1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Pan and Chen, 2014; Smaglik, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pan and Chen, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Chmiola et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Empirical Finance
Abbreviation	J. Empir. Finance
ISSN (print)	0927-5398
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Finance