How to format your references using the Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rogers R (2008) A chemist believes that an ionic liquid is the place for a noxious gas. Nature 454:555

A journal article with 2 authors

Cafaro J, Rieke F (2010) Noise correlations improve response fidelity and stimulus encoding. Nature 468:964–967

A journal article with 3 authors

Dethlefsen L, McFall-Ngai M, Relman DA (2007) An ecological and evolutionary perspective on human-microbe mutualism and disease. Nature 449:811–818

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Smith ADM, Brown CJ, Bulman CM, et al (2011) Impacts of fishing low-trophic level species on marine ecosystems. Science 333:1147–1150

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tardu S (2011) Statistical Approach to Wall Turbulence. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Fromm J (ed) (2013) Cellular Aspects of Wood Formation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Lemke K, Sadeghi A-R, Stüble C (2006) Anti-theft Protection: Electronic Immobilizers. In: Lemke K, Paar C, Wolf M (eds) Embedded Security in Cars: Securing Current and Future Automotive IT Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 51–67

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Thousands Of Relics Recovered From Ancient Mexican City. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) Millennium Challenge Corporation: Results of Transportation Infrastructure Projects in Seven Countries. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mizokami SK (2015) Fall risk factors among cane and walker users and non-users. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rojas R, Mueller B (2015) Defiant Pledge Fought Back in Fatal Hazing, Report Says. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rogers 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Rogers 2008; Cafaro and Rieke 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cafaro and Rieke 2010)
Three or more authors: (Smith et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics
Abbreviation	J. Exp. Orthop.
ISSN (online)	2197-1153
Scope