How to format your references using the Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zamble D. ENZYMOLOGY. It costs more than a nickel. Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):35–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Barrangou R, Klaenhammer TR. Microbiology: Bacteria get vaccinated. Nature. 2014 Sep 11;513(7517):175–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Conrad CP, Steinberger B, Torsvik TH. Stability of active mantle upwelling revealed by net characteristics of plate tectonics. Nature. 2013 Jun 27;498(7455):479–82.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mack MC, Schuur EAG, Bret-Harte MS, Shaver GR, Chapin FS. Ecosystem carbon storage in arctic tundra reduced by long-term nutrient fertilization. Nature. 2004 Sep 23;431(7007):440–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Akivis MA, Goldberg VV. Conformal Differential Geometry and Its Generalizations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1996.

An edited book

Abraham A, Jiang XH, Snášel V, Pan JS, editors. Intelligent Data Analysis and Applications: Proceedings of the Second Euro-China Conference on Intelligent Data Analysis and Applications, ECC 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. XX, 560 p. 196 illus. (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing; vol. 370).

A chapter in an edited book

Noor TH, Sheng QZ, Bouguettaya A. Robust and Adaptive Credibility Model. In: Sheng QZ, Bouguettaya A, editors. Trust Management in Cloud Services. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 45–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

Blog post

Hale T. Why Seabirds Mistake Plastic For Food [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/why-seabirds-mistake-plastic-for-food/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Multiple Protests Against Contract Award. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972 Nov. Report No.: B-175585.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Saxena M. Learner analysis framework for globalized e-learning [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Johnston K. Quotation of the Day. New York Times. 2011 Apr 20;A2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Abbreviation	J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.
ISSN (print)	0815-9319
ISSN (online)	1440-1746
Scope	Gastroenterology Hepatology