How to format your references using the Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hafner, S. D. (2003). Ecology: Is fertilization efficiency misleading? Nature, 422(6930), 397–8; discussion 398.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ricciardi, A., & Ward, J. M. (2006). Comment on “Opposing effects of native and exotic herbivores on plant invasions.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5785), 298; author reply 298.

A journal article with 3 authors

Takahashi, J. S., Shimomura, K., & Kumar, V. (2008). Searching for genes underlying behavior: lessons from circadian rhythms. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5903), 909–912.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Raghavan, S. C., Swanson, P. C., Wu, X., Hsieh, C.-L., & Lieber, M. R. (2004). A non-B-DNA structure at the Bcl-2 major breakpoint region is cleaved by the RAG complex. Nature, 428(6978), 88–93.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bayés de Luna, A. (2011). Clinical Arrhythmology. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Felser, C., & Fecher, G. H. (Eds.). (2013). Spintronics: From Materials to Devices. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Stichelbaut, B., De Clercq, W., Herremans, D., & Bourgeois, J. (2013). First World War Aerial Photography and Medieval Landscapes: Moated Sites in Flanders. In W. S. Hanson & I. A. Oltean (Eds.), Archaeology from Historical Aerial and Satellite Archives (pp. 69–85). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2015, July 25). U.K. Suspends Ban On Controversial Pesticide Linked To Decline In Bee Populations. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/uk-suspends-ban-controversial-pesticide/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2005). Information Resource Management Internal Control Issues (No. GAO-05-288R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Aramphongphun, C. (2006). In-mold Coating of Thermoplastic and Composite Parts: Microfluidics and Rheology (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. (2017, June 1). Sami Blood. New York Times, p. C10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hafner, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Hafner, 2003; Ricciardi & Ward, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ricciardi & Ward, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Raghavan et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
Abbreviation	J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf.
ISSN (print)	2169-9003
ISSN (online)	2169-9011
Scope