How to format your references using the Journal of Hand Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Hand Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kanthor R. Diagnostics: Detection drives defence. Nature. 2014;509(7498):S14-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Coburn W, Boggs SE. Polarization of the prompt gamma-ray emission from the gamma-ray burst of 6 December 2002. Nature. 2003;423(6938):415-417.

A journal article with 3 authors

Poot-Salazar A, Hernández-Flores Á, Ardisson PL. Use of the SLW index to calculate growth function in the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5151.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Fujiki R, Hashiba W, Sekine H, et al. GlcNAcylation of histone H2B facilitates its monoubiquitination. Nature. 2011;480(7378):557-560.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bar-Eli M, Plessner H, Raab M. Judgement, Decision Making and Success in Sport. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

Weyns D, Malek S, Lemos R de, Andersson J, eds. Self-Organizing Architectures: First International Workshop, SOAR 2009, Cambridge, UK, September 14, 2009, Revised Selected and Invited Papers. Vol 6090. Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Karchevskii E, Spiridonov A, Beilina L. Determination of Permittivity from Propagation Constant Measurements in Optical Fibers. In: Beilina L, ed. Inverse Problems and Applications. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics. Springer International Publishing; 2015:55-65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Hand Therapy.

Blog post

Andrew E. Scientists Discover The Secret Of Why Indian Food Tastes So Good. IFLScience. March 5, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/scientists-discover-secret-why-indian-food-tastes-so-divine/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Need To Strengthen Management Control Over the Basic Research Program Administered by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1971.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Morales D. Understanding How Perceptions of School Leadership and School Community Relationships Affected Veteran Teachers’ Decisions to Remain Working in Urban Elementary Schools. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. When a Sport Draws People Together. New York Times. December 11, 2009:B16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Hand Therapy
Abbreviation	J. Hand Ther.
ISSN (print)	0894-1130
Scope	Rehabilitation Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation