How to format your references using the South African Journal of Physiotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for South African Journal of Physiotherapy (SAJP). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bender, E., 2015, ‘Big data in biomedicine: 4 big questions’, Nature, 527(7576), S19.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chander, R. & Mervis, J., 2001, ‘The bottom line for U.S. life scientists’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5541), 395.

A journal article with 3 authors

Forges, B.R. de, Koslow, J.A. & Poore, G.C., 2000, ‘Diversity and endemism of the benthic seamount fauna in the southwest Pacific’, Nature, 405(6789), 944–947.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Alsos, I.G., Eidesen, P.B., Ehrich, D., Skrede, I., Westergaard, K., Jacobsen, G.H., Landvik, J.Y., Taberlet, P. & Brochmann, C., 2007, ‘Frequent long-distance plant colonization in the changing Arctic’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 316(5831), 1606–1609.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Blair, R. & Regenstein, J.M., 2015, Genetic Modification and Food Quality, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Vitasek, K., 2012, Vested: How P&G, McDonald’s and Microsoft are Redefining Winning in Business Relationships, Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Bikker, J.A. & Dreu, J. de, 2007, ‘Operating costs of pension schemes’, in O. Steenbeek & F. van der Lecq (eds.), Costs and Benefits of Collective Pension Systems, pp. 51–74, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for South African Journal of Physiotherapy.

Blog post

Davis, J., 2016, Newly Described Orchid Has A Tiny Demon At Its Center, IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1998, Surface Infrastructure: Costs, Financing and Schedules for Large-Dollar Transportation Projects, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Huffman, K.D., 2009, Teacher and administrator perceptions of a balanced school calendar and its effects on students in poverty – PhD thesis, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO .

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K., 2006, No Sawdust, But a Real Pit, New York Times, p. NJ6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bender 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Chander & Mervis 2001; Bender 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chander & Mervis 2001)
Three or more authors: (Alsos et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	South African Journal of Physiotherapy
ISSN (print)	0379-6175
ISSN (online)	2410-8219
Scope