How to format your references using the Journal of International Relations and Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of International Relations and Development (JIRD). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Leadlay, Peter F. (2014) ‘Structural biology: enzyme assembly line pictured’, Nature 510(7506): 482–483.

A journal article with 2 authors

Knapp, A.K. and M.D. Smith (2001) ‘Variation among biomes in temporal dynamics of aboveground primary production’, Science (New York, N.Y.) 291(5503): 481–484.

A journal article with 3 authors

Canestrelli, Daniele, Roberta Bisconti, and Giuseppe Nascetti (2014) ‘Extensive unidirectional introgression between two salamander lineages of ancient divergence and its evolutionary implications’, Scientific reports 4: 6516.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Eldar, Avigdor et al. (2009) ‘Partial penetrance facilitates developmental evolution in bacteria’, Nature 460(7254): 510–514.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gatarek, Dariusz, Przemyslaw Bachert, and Robert Maksymiuk (2007) The LIBOR Market Model in Practice, Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Steenbeek, Onno and Fieke van der Lecq, eds. (2007) Costs and Benefits of Collective Pension Systems, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Rosa, Rogério S. and Katia S. Guimarães (2010) ‘Insights on Haplotype Inference on Large Genotype Datasets’, in Carlos E. Ferreira, Satoru Miyano, and Peter F. Stadler, eds., Advances in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology: 5th Brazilian Symposium on Bioinformatics, BSB 2010, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 31-September 3, 2010. Proceedings, 47–58, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of International Relations and Development.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise (2014) ‘Top Ten Newly-Discovered Species’, IFLScience available at https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/top-ten-newly-discovered-species/ (accessed 30 October, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1999). ‘Federal Research Grants: Compensation Paid to Graduate Students at the University of California’, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sanchez-Mejia, Zulia M. Monsoon dependent ecosystems: Implications of the vertical distribution of soil moisture on land surface-atmosphere interactions. Doctoral dissertation, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, Linda ‘Justices, 5-4, Accept No Excuses From Inmate for Mistaken Late Filing of an Appeal’. New York Times, June 15, A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Leadlay 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Leadlay 2014; Knapp and Smith 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Knapp and Smith 2001)
Three or more authors: (Eldar et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of International Relations and Development
Abbreviation	J. Int. Relat. Dev.
ISSN (print)	1408-6980
ISSN (online)	1581-1980
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development Political Science and International Relations