How to format your references using the Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants (JLT). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Roelfsema PR. Neuroscience. Attention--voluntary control of brain cells. Science. 2011 Jun 24;332(6037):1512–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sheppard SS, Trujillo CA. A thick cloud of Neptune Trojans and their colors. Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):511–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Komarneni S, Kozai N, Paulus WJ. Environment. Superselective clay for radium uptake. Nature. 2001 Apr 12;410(6830):771.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Rose BC, Huang D, Zhang ZH, Stevenson P, Tyryshkin AM, Sangtawesin S, et al. Observation of an environmentally insensitive solid-state spin defect in diamond. Science. 2018 Jul 6;361(6397):60–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dorsey JR. Y-Size Your Business. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

O’Toole J. Drama and Curriculum: A Giant at the Door. Stinson M, Moore T, editors. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2009. XVI, 222 p. (Landscapes: the Arts, Aesthetics, and Education; vol. 6).

A chapter in an edited book

Granov A, Tiutin L, Schwarz T. Lung Cancer. In: Granov A, Tiutin L, Schwarz T, editors. Positron Emission Tomography. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 77–88.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Why Men Don’t Need To Be Screened For Breast Cancer, But Should Still Do Regular Checks. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/why-men-don-t-need-be-screened-breast-cancer-should-still-do-regular-checks/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. USDA Graduate School: Revenue Reporting Needs to Be Improved. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001 Oct. Report No.: GAO-02-5.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dilenschneider AM. Refusing to be put aside: Women and the meaning of betrayal [Doctoral dissertation]. [Carpinteria, CA]: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Silver-Greenberg J, Corkery M. The Used Car Was Repossessed, But the Lender Is Still Collecting. New York Times. 2017 Jun 18;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants
ISSN (print)	1050-6934
ISSN (online)	1940-4379
Scope