How to format your references using the Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gravitz, L. (2014). Therapy: This time it’s personal. Nature, 509(7502), S52-4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wodarz, D., & Zauber, A. G. (2015). Cancer: Risk factors and random chances. Nature, 517(7536), 563–564.

A journal article with 3 authors

Drell, S. D., Shultz, G. P., & Andreasen, S. P. (2012). Nuclear safety. A safer nuclear enterprise. Science (New York, N.Y.), 336(6086), 1236.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Ong, Q.-R., Chan, E. S., Lim, M.-L., Cole, G. M., & Wong, B.-S. (2014). Reduced phosphorylation of brain insulin receptor substrate and Akt proteins in apolipoprotein-E4 targeted replacement mice. Scientific reports, 4, 3754.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gaynor, G. H. (2014). Decisions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Daithankar, J. (2014). Transportation Management with SAP TM 9.0: A Hands-On Guide to Configuring, Implementing, and Optimizing SAP TM. (T. Pandit, Ed.). Berkeley, CA: Apress.

A chapter in an edited book

Campbell, H. E. A. E., & Wehlau, D. L. (2011). Examples. In D. L. Wehlau (Ed.), Modular Invariant Theory (pp. 59–81). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, September 4). Think Your Cat Misses You? It’s Probably Just Pissed Off. IFLScience. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2006). Suggested Areas for Oversight for the 110th Congress (No. GAO-07-235R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Olson, C. R. (2017). Population genetic structure of two abyssal grenadiers of the north Atlantic and northeastern Pacific oceans (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. (2014, October 14). Russia: Ministry Takes Aim at a Human Rights Group. New York Times, p. A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering
Abbreviation	J. Med. Biol. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1609-0985
ISSN (online)	2199-4757
Scope	Biomedical Engineering General Medicine