How to format your references using the Journal of Medical Ultrasound citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical Ultrasound. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Giles J. Attosecond science: the fast show. Nature 2002;420:737.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Gillespie RG, Roderick GK. Evolution: Geology and climate drive diversification. Nature 2014;509:297–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Erickson GM, Rogers KC, Yerby SA. Dinosaurian growth patterns and rapid avian growth rates. Nature 2001;412:429–33.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Holleitner AW, Blick RH, Huttel AK, Eberl K, Kotthaus JP. Probing and controlling the bonds of an artificial molecule. Science 2002;297:70–2.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Riegel M, Kroeselberg D, Chindapol A, Premec D. Deploying Mobile WiMAX. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

[1]

Matthäus-Maier I, Pischke JD von, editors. Microfinance Investment Funds: Leveraging Private Capital for Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Zou B, Zhou G, Zhu Q. Negation and Speculation Target Identification. In: Zong C, Nie J-Y, Zhao D, Feng Y, editors. Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing: Third CCF Conference, NLPCC 2014, Shenzhen, China, December 5-9, 2014. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014, p. 34–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical Ultrasound.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. A Crazy Number Of Kids Are Getting Sick From Drinking Hand Sanitizers. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/a-crazy-number-of-kids-are-getting-sick-from-drinking-hand-sanitizers/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Infrastructure: Review of Project Selection Process for Five FHWA Discretionary Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Davidson WB. High school athletics and the “whole adolescent”: A case study of three urban high schools. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Walsh MW. Santander to Pay $6.4 Million to Islanders in Puerto Rico Bond Settlement. New York Times 2015:B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical Ultrasound
Abbreviation	J. Med. Ultrasound
ISSN (print)	0929-6441
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging