How to format your references using the Journal of Medical Virology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical Virology (JMV). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zhou M. Materials science. Exceptional properties by design. Science. 2013;339(6124):1161-1162.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hyman AA, Simons K. Cell biology. Beyond oil and water--phase transitions in cells. Science. 2012;337(6098):1047-1049.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pfeffer WT, Harper JT, O’Neel S. Kinematic constraints on glacier contributions to 21st-century sea-level rise. Science. 2008;321(5894):1340-1343.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Han Z, Yin W, Zhang J, Niu S, Ren L. Active anti-erosion protection strategy in tamarisk (Tamarix aphylla). Sci Rep. 2013;3:3429.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chateigner D. Combined Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Liu W, Li Q, W.H. Lau R, eds. Advances in Web Based Learning – ICWL 2006: 5th International Conference, Penang, Malaysia, July 19-21, 2006. Revised Papers. Vol 4181. Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Meyskens FL, Yang S. Thinking About the Role (Largely Ignored) of Heavy Metals in Cancer Prevention: Hexavalent Chromium and Melanoma as a Case in Point. In: Senn HJ, Otto F, eds. Clinical Cancer Prevention. Recent Results in Cancer Research. Springer; 2011:65-74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical Virology.

Blog post

Fang J. Clownfish Undertake Epic Journeys. IFLScience. September 18, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/nemo-could-have-traveled-400-kilometers-real-life-marlin-wouldnt/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Debarment for Violation of Davis-Bacon Act. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Spruill EL. A Correlational Analysis Relating Organizational Climate to Employee Performance: A Case Study. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Case of the Dwindling Docket Mystifies the Supreme Court. New York Times. December 7, 2006:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical Virology
ISSN (print)	0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
Scope