How to format your references using the Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mervis J (2015) An education that closed doors. Science 347:578

A journal article with 2 authors

Rawlins D, Pickering K (2001) Ancient chronology. Astronomical orientation of the pyramids. Nature 412:699–700

A journal article with 3 authors

Kalas P, Graham JR, Clampin M (2005) A planetary system as the origin of structure in Fomalhaut’s dust belt. Nature 435:1067–1070

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Lamb JB, Willis BL, Fiorenza EA, et al (2018) Plastic waste associated with disease on coral reefs. Science 359:460–462

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tian J (2005) Software Quality Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Camacho AG, Díaz JI, Fernändez J (eds) (2009) Earth Sciences and Mathematics: Volune II. Birkhäuser, Basel

A chapter in an edited book

Lulle A, King R (2016) Conclusions, Discussion, and Policy Implications. In: King R (ed) Ageing, Gender, and Labour Migration. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY, pp 105–133

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Two Children Paralyzed In First European Outbreak Of Polio For Five Years. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/2-polio-cases-ukraine-are-first-europe-5-years/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1985) Review of the Department of Agriculture’s Role in Regulating Biotechnology. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bryant JD (2014) The Investigation of Self-Determination in Students Participating in Higher Education with an Invisible Disability. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vlasic B (2015) U.A.W. Chief Expects Deal on Contract at Chrysler. New York Times B3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mervis 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Rawlins and Pickering 2001; Mervis 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rawlins and Pickering 2001)
Three or more authors: (Lamb et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy
Abbreviation	J. Ocean Eng. Mar. Energy
ISSN (print)	2198-6444
ISSN (online)	2198-6452
Scope