How to format your references using the Journal of Oceanography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Oceanography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Owens B (2013) Obesity: heavy sleepers. Nature 497:S8-9

A journal article with 2 authors

Tripati A, Elderfield H (2005) Deep-sea temperature and circulation changes at the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Science 308:1894–1898

A journal article with 3 authors

Kirchner JW, Feng X, Neal C (2000) Fractal stream chemistry and its implications for contaminant transport in catchments. Nature 403:524–527

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Li H-L, Wang Y-Y, An S-Q, et al (2014) Sediment type affects competition between a native and an exotic species in coastal China. Sci Rep 4:6748

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tavakoli JM (2008) Structured Finance and Collateralized Debt Obligations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Parrochia D (2013) Towards a General Theory of Classifications. Springer, Basel

A chapter in an edited book

Cahill J, Strawn N (2013) Algebraic Geometry and Finite Frames. In: Casazza PG, Kutyniok G (eds) Finite Frames: Theory and Applications. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA, pp 141–170

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Oceanography.

Blog post

Luntz S (2015) Even Buying Online, Choices Can Embarrass Us. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1979) Weaknesses in National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Facilities Utilization Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Maafi N (2017) Assessment of Volatile Metabolites for In Situ Detection of Fungal Decay of Wood. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Craig S (2016) Trump’s Empire: A Maze of Debts and Opaque Ties. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Owens 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Tripati and Elderfield 2005; Owens 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tripati and Elderfield 2005)
Three or more authors: (Li et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Oceanography
Abbreviation	J. Oceanogr.
ISSN (print)	0916-8370
ISSN (online)	1573-868X
Scope	Oceanography