How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dajani R (2012) How women scientists fare in the Arab world. Nature 491:9

A journal article with 2 authors

Kosak ST, Groudine M (2004) Gene order and dynamic domains. Science 306:644–647

A journal article with 3 authors

Oliveira G de A, Lieberman J, Barillas-Mury C (2012) Epithelial nitration by a peroxidase/NOX5 system mediates mosquito antiplasmodial immunity. Science 335:856–859

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhao Q, Yang K, Li W, Xing B (2014) Concentration-dependent polyparameter linear free energy relationships to predict organic compound sorption on carbon nanotubes. Sci Rep 4:3888

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Harris J (2013) The Utopian Globalists. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford

An edited book

Taylor IJ, Deelman E, Gannon DB, Shields M (2007) Workflows for e-Science: Scientific Workflows for Grids. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Burningham H (2015) Gravel Spit-Inlet Dynamics: Orford Spit, UK. In: Randazzo G, Jackson DWT, Cooper JAG (eds) Sand and Gravel Spits. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 51–65

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2016) Low Testosterone May Make You A Better Father. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/low-testosterone-may-make-you-a-better-father/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) Title I Formula in S. 1513. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Herrera K (2010) Improved transportation for older adult volunteers: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Mueller B (2015) Bicyclist Is Killed by Car Fleeing Court Police. New York Times A18

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Abbreviation	J. Orthop. Traumatol.
ISSN (print)	1590-9921
ISSN (online)	1590-9999
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery