How to format your references using the The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Parasnis D. Proteins and the naked truth about e-commerce. Nature. 2000 Jan 13;403(6766):129–30.

A journal article with 2 authors

McGhee K, Phillips N. Nature Index 2015 China. Nature. 2015 Dec 17;528(7582):S165.

A journal article with 3 authors

Li J, An J, Ting CS. Interaction-induced localization of mobile impurities in ultracold systems. Sci Rep. 2013 Nov 6;3:3147.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ray PS, Jia J, Yao P, Majumder M, Hatzoglou M, Fox PL. A stress-responsive RNA switch regulates VEGFA expression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):915–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Paschedag AR. CFD in der Verfahrenstechnik. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2004.

An edited book

Huang YMR, Xu C, Cheng KS, Yang JFK, Swamy MNS, Li S, et al., editors. Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - PCM 2008: 9th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia, Tainan, Taiwan, December 9-13, 2008. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. XXI, 944 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 5353).

A chapter in an edited book

Karpov EG, Grankin MV. Atomic Scale Monte-Carlo Studies of Entropic Elasticity Properties of Polymer Chain Molecules. In: Sun B, editor. Advances in Soft Matter Mechanics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 147–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery.

Blog post

Hale T. Check Out This Trippy Video Of The “Glory Hole” Spillway In Lake Berryessa [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/check-out-this-trippy-video-of-the-glory-hole-spillway-in-lake-berryessa/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Research and Development Funding: Reported Gap Between Data From Federal Agencies and Their R&D Performers Results From Noncomparable Data. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001 May. Report No.: GAO-01-512R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Arnold JK. An Ecological Model for Health Policy Review: The Integration of New Institutional and Public Choice Theory for Public Policy Assessment [Doctoral dissertation]. [Scottsdale, AZ]: Northcentral University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. Filmmaker From Ukraine Sent to Prison by Russians. New York Times. 2015 Aug 26;A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
Abbreviation	J. Cardiovasc. Surg. (Torino)
ISSN (print)	0021-9509
ISSN (online)	1827-191X
Scope	General Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Surgery