How to format your references using the Journal of Peace Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Peace Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mervis, J (2000) U.S. POSTDOCS: Report Urges Better Treatment, Status. Science (New York, N.Y.) 289(5486): 1854b–5b.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hopkinson, Charles S, Jr & Joseph J Vallino (2005) Efficient export of carbon to the deep ocean through dissolved organic matter. Nature 433(7022): 142–145.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ng, Benjamin, Wenju Cai & Kevin Walsh (2014) The role of the SST-thermocline relationship in Indian Ocean Dipole skewness and its response to global warming. Scientific Reports 4(August): 6034.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Badou, Abdallah, Srisaila Basavappa, Rooma Desai, You-Qing Peng, Didi Matza, Wajahat Z Mehal, Leonard K Kaczmarek, Emile L Boulpaep & Richard A Flavell (2005) Requirement of voltage-gated calcium channel beta4 subunit for T lymphocyte functions. Science (New York, N.Y.) 307(5706): 117–121.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gordon, Michael E (2009) Trump University Entrepreneurship 101. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Moritz, Karen M (2008) Factors Influencing Mammalian Kidney Development: Implications for Health in Adult Life. Marelyn Wintour-Coghlan, M Jane Black, John F Bertram & Georgina Caruana (eds) Vol. 196. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Larkin, Kevin T, Carol Goulet & Casey Cavanagh (2015) Forgiveness and Physiological Concomitants and Outcomes. In: Loren Toussaint, Everett Worthington & David R Williams (eds) Forgiveness and Health: Scientific Evidence and Theories Relating Forgiveness to Better Health. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 61–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Peace Research.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise (2015) Lessons From Cuba on Eliminating the Transmission of HIV From Mother to Child. IFLScience. IFLScience (https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/lessons-cuba-eliminating-transmission-hiv-mother-child/).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2002) Title I: Education Needs to Monitor States’ Scoring of Assessments. GAO-02-393. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Karriem, Keesha L (2010) The Relationship between Stress and Emotional Intelligence among Direct-Care Workers. Phoenix, AZ: University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland, John (2016) Starring in Someone Else’s Film. New York Times 19 August: MB4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mervis, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Mervis, 2000; Hopkinson & Vallino, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hopkinson & Vallino, 2005)
Three authors: (Ng, Cai & Walsh, 2014)
4 or more authors: (Badou et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Peace Research
Abbreviation	J. Peace Res.
ISSN (print)	0022-3433
ISSN (online)	1460-3578
Scope	Safety Research Sociology and Political Science Political Science and International Relations