How to format your references using the Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (JPGN). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Spurgeon D. Immigrants help offset Canada’s brain-drain crisis. Nature 2000; 405:604.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yin Y, Alivisatos AP. Colloidal nanocrystal synthesis and the organic-inorganic interface. Nature 2005; 437:664–670.

A journal article with 3 authors

Haider B, Häusser M, Carandini M. Inhibition dominates sensory responses in the awake cortex. Nature 2013; 493:97–100.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhong Z, Wang D, Cui Y, et al. Nanowire crossbar arrays as address decoders for integrated nanosystems. Science 2003; 302:1377–1379.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Soustelle M. Phase Transformations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Régnier-Loilier A, ed. The Contemporary Family in France: Partnership Trajectories and Domestic Organization. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Gallant BM, Lu Y-C, Mitchell RR, et al. The Kinetics and Product Characteristics of Oxygen Reduction and Evolution in LiO2 Batteries. In: Imanishi N, Luntz AC, Bruce P, eds. The Lithium Air Battery: Fundamentals. New York, NY: Springer; 2014:121–158.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition.

Blog post

Fang J. Female Birds Sing To Tell Predators To Back Off. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/female-birds-sing-to-tell-predators-to-back-off/. Published June 28, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Intercity Passenger Rail: Potential Financial Issues in the Event That Amtrak Undergoes Liquidation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hylton JK. Scatter; Or, A Series or Minor Inconveniences. 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Two Familiar Faces Rejoin Mets’ Bullpen. New York Times 2017:D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference ⁽¹⁾.
This sentence cites two references ^{(1, 2)}.
This sentence cites four references ^(1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
ISSN (print)	0277-2116
ISSN (online)	1536-4801
Scope