How to format your references using the Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Davis AM. Astronomy. Early solar system chronology. Science. 2009;325:951–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Eaves AA, Palmer AR. Reproduction: widespread cloning in echinoderm larvae. Nature. 2003;425:146.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Samokhvalov IM, Samokhvalova NI, Nishikawa S-I. Cell tracing shows the contribution of the yolk sac to adult haematopoiesis. Nature. 2007;446:1056–61.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Prakriya M, Feske S, Gwack Y, Srikanth S, Rao A, Hogan PG. Orai1 is an essential pore subunit of the CRAC channel. Nature. 2006;443:230–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Bowling J. Diagnostic Dermoscopy. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

1. Ismail MEH, Koelink E, editors. Theory and Applications of Special Functions: A Volume Dedicated to Mizan Rahman. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Bergeron M, Conklin D. Temporal Patterns in Polyphony. In: Chew E, Childs A, Chuan C-H, editors. Mathematics and Computation in Music: Second International Conference, MCM 2009, John Clough Memorial Conference New Haven, CT, USA, June 19-22, 2009 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 32–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation.

Blog post

1. Hale T. Why Do Some People Have A Tiny Extra Hole In Their Ear? IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. K-12 Education: Characteristics of the Investing in Innovation Fund. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014 Feb. Report No.: GAO-14-211R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Nepal RM. Class II MHC Function in Macrophages and Mice Infected with Mycobacterium [Doctoral dissertation]. [Columbus, OH]: Ohio State University; 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Crow K. Warm Feelings on Bleecker Street For a Rough-and-Tumble Life. New York Times. 2003 Apr 13;146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation
Abbreviation	J. Pharm. Innov.
ISSN (print)	1872-5120
ISSN (online)	1939-8042
Scope	Drug Discovery Pharmaceutical Science