How to format your references using the Journal of Population Ageing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Population Ageing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Prusiner, S. B. (2012). Cell biology. A unifying role for prions in neurodegenerative diseases. Science (New York, N.Y.), 336(6088), 1511–1513.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chang, M., & Lingner, J. (2008). Cell signaling. Tel2 finally tells one story. Science (New York, N.Y.), 320(5872), 60–61.

A journal article with 3 authors

Goes, S., Capitanio, F. A., & Morra, G. (2008). Evidence of lower-mantle slab penetration phases in plate motions. Nature, 451(7181), 981–984.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Bleul, C. C., Corbeaux, T., Reuter, A., Fisch, P., Mönting, J. S., & Boehm, T. (2006). Formation of a functional thymus initiated by a postnatal epithelial progenitor cell. Nature, 441(7096), 992–996.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Breitmaier, E. (2005). Vom NMR-Spektrum zur Strukturformel organischer Verbindungen. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Näthke, I. S., & McCartney, B. M. (Eds.). (2009). APC Proteins (Vol. 656). New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bader, M., & Bayer, J. (2006). FIRST-PASS PREFERENCES IN SYNTACTIC-FUNCTION AMBIGUITIES. In J. Bayer (Ed.), CASE AND LINKING IN LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION: Evidence from German (pp. 87–114). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Population Ageing.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2017, June 1). China And EU Will “Join Forces” To Fight Climate Change Without America. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2011). Department of Energy: Advanced Technology Vehicle Loan Program Needs Enhanced Oversight and Performance Measures (No. GAO-11-745T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ruettgers, M. M. (2013). A Content Analysis to Investigate the Evidence of 21st Century Knowledge and Skills within Elementary Teacher Education Programs in the United States (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander, S. (1999, December 31). Rutgers Women Find Rhythm For 4th Straight Victory. New York Times, p. D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Prusiner 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Chang and Lingner 2008; Prusiner 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chang and Lingner 2008)
Three or more authors: (Bleul et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Population Ageing
Abbreviation	J. Popul. Ageing
ISSN (print)	1874-7884
ISSN (online)	1874-7876
Scope	Geography, Planning and Development Sociology and Political Science Demography