How to format your references using the Journal of Productivity Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Productivity Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cebrian J (2015) ECOLOGY. Energy flows in ecosystems. Science 349:1053–1054

A journal article with 2 authors

Li S, Wang J (2014) A compact trench-assisted multi-orbital-angular-momentum multi-ring fiber for ultrahigh-density space-division multiplexing (19 rings × 22 modes). Sci Rep 4:3853

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang J-T, Chen C, Kawazoe Y (2013) New carbon allotropes with helical chains of complementary chirality connected by ethene-type π-conjugation. Sci Rep 3:3077

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Lissy NA, Davis PK, Irwin M, et al (2000) A common E2F-1 and p73 pathway mediates cell death induced by TCR activation. Nature 407:642–645

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ursone P (2015) How to Calculate Options Prices and Their Greeks. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Crowley JL, Draper BA, Thonnat M (eds) (2011) Computer Vision Systems: 8th International Conference, ICVS 2011, Sophia Antipolis, France, September 20-22, 2011. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Rose DH, Lapinski S (2011) What Can Technology Learn from the Brain? In: Gray T, Silver-Pacuilla H (eds) Breakthrough Teaching and Learning: How Educational and Assistive Technologies are Driving Innovation. Springer, New York, NY, pp 53–70

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Productivity Analysis.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) Earth’s First Land Vertebrates Used Their Lungs to Detect Sounds. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2015) International Space Station: Measurable Performance Targets and Documentation Needed to Better Assess Management of National Laboratory. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Milner M (2009) An evaluation of the influence of case method instruction on the reflective thinking of MSW students. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B (2016) Review: ‘Danny Says,’ a Paean to a Rock Gadfly and Tastemaker. New York Times C10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cebrian 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Li and Wang 2014; Cebrian 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Li and Wang 2014)
Three or more authors: (Lissy et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Productivity Analysis
Abbreviation	J. Prod. Anal.
ISSN (print)	0895-562X
ISSN (online)	1573-0441
Scope	Business and International Management Economics and Econometrics Social Sciences (miscellaneous)