How to format your references using the Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Koenig R. ACADEMIC FREEDOM: Political Scientist Becomes Cause Celebre. Science. 2000;289:846b–7b.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Temmerman S, Kirwan ML. NATURAL HAZARDS. Building land with a rising sea. Science. 2015;349:588–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Kobayashi T, Saito T, Ohtani H. Real-time spectroscopy of transition states in bacteriorhodopsin during retinal isomerization. Nature. 2001;414:531–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Sokoloski JL, Luna GJM, Mukai K, Kenyon SJ. An X-ray-emitting blast wave from the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi. Nature. 2006;442:276–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Mory M. Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineering. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Dale C, Anderson T, editors. Advances in Systems Safety: Proceedings of the Nineteenth Safety-Critical Systems Symposium, Southampton, UK, 8-10th February 2011. London: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Smith DT, Pratt JR. Measurement of the Gold-Gold Bond Rupture Force at 4 K in a Single-Atom Chain Using Photon-Momentum-Based Force Calibration. In: Shaw GA, Prorok BC, Starman LA, editors. MEMS and Nanotechnology, Volume 6: Proceedings of the 2012 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 25–9.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities.

Blog post

1. Fang J. 13,000-Year-Old Nanodiamonds Found On Three Continents. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. K-12 Education: States’ Test Security Policies and Procedures Varied. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013 May. Report No.: GAO-13-495R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Myers RE. Moderating the effectiveness of messages to promote physical activity in type 2 diabetes [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tampa, FL]: University of South Florida; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Pilon M. Forging Path to Starting Line For Younger Disabled Athletes. New York Times. 2013 Jan 15;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
Abbreviation	J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparities
ISSN (print)	2197-3792
ISSN (online)	2196-8837
Scope	Health Policy Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Health(social science) Sociology and Political Science Anthropology