How to format your references using the Journal of Shipping and Trade citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Shipping and Trade. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Engheta N (2011) Applied physics. Antenna-guided light. Science 334:317–318

A journal article with 2 authors

Teng MWL, Smyth MJ (2014) Cancer. Can cancer trigger autoimmunity? Science 343:147–148

A journal article with 3 authors

Ando R, Mizuno H, Miyawaki A (2004) Regulated fast nucleocytoplasmic shuttling observed by reversible protein highlighting. Science 306:1370–1373

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Morizane R, Fujii S, Monkawa T, et al (2014) miR-34c attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and kidney fibrosis with ureteral obstruction. Sci Rep 4:4578

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Baker WL, Marn MV, Zawada CC (2010) The Price Advantage. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Thomsen HS (ed) (2006) Contrast Media: Safety Issues and ESUR Guidelines. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Wester R (2011) Thermomechanics. In: Poprawe R (ed) Tailored Light 2: Laser Application Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 63–67

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Shipping and Trade.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2015) Scientists Discover Weak Spot Of The Superbug MRSA. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1979) Inconsistencies in Awarding Financial Aid to Students Under Four Federal Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

LaPorte M (2017) Depression and Rumination as a Predictor for Types of Substances Abused. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C (2007) Lesson One: The Price the Contractor Quotes Is an Estimate. New York Times F4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Engheta 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Engheta 2011; Teng and Smyth 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Teng and Smyth 2014)
Three or more authors: (Morizane et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Shipping and Trade
Abbreviation	J. Shipp. Trade
ISSN (online)	2364-4575
Scope