How to format your references using the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Owens B. Stroke. Nature. 2014 Jun 26;510(7506):S1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rash BG, Rakic P. Neuroscience. Genetic resolutions of brain convolutions. Science. 2014 Feb 14;343(6172):744–745.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rudolph ML, Lekić V, Lithgow-Bertelloni C. Viscosity jump in Earth’s mid-mantle. Science. 2015 Dec 11;350(6266):1349–1352.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Xu Y, Reid MJ, Zheng XW, Menten KM. The distance to the Perseus spiral arm in the Milky Way. Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):54–57.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Saksena FB. Color Atlas of Local and Systemic Signs of Cardiovascular Disease. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Plaat A, van den Herik J, Kosters W, editors. Advances in Computer Games: 14th International Conference, ACG 2015, Leiden, The Netherlands, July 1-3, 2015, Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Pattanaik PK, Xu Y. Rationality and Context-Dependent Preferences. In: Binder C, Codognato G, Teschl M, Xu Y, editors. Individual and Collective Choice and Social Welfare: Essays in Honor of Nick Baigent. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015. p. 49–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew E. New Test Detects Fatal Brain Disease Earlier And More Accurately Than Previous Methods [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 Aug 7 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/new-test-detects-fatal-brain-disease-earlier-and-more-accurately-previous/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FDA’s Activities Involving Sanitation Conditions at Food Storage Warehouses. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1974.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hartley DL. Transnational jazz and blues: Aural aesthetics and African diasporic fiction. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. By Providing Power Off the Bench, Conforto Preserves Place on Mets’ Roster. New York Times. 2017 Apr 14;B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ².
This sentence cites two references ^2,4.
This sentence cites four references ^2,4,6,8.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Abbreviation	J. Shoulder Elbow Surg.
ISSN (print)	1058-2746
ISSN (online)	1532-6500
Scope	General Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery