How to format your references using the Journal of the American Pharmacists Association citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mervis J. The world of undergraduate education. Many voices, one message. Introduction to special issue. Science. 2007;317(5834):63.

A journal article with 2 authors

Normile D, Kerr RA. Breakthrough of the year. A disaster and a warning--but of what? Science. 2011;334(6063):1634.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chakravarty S, Kee HY, Völker K. An explanation for a universality of transition temperatures in families of copper oxide superconductors. Nature. 2004;428(6978):53-55.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Burgert R, Schnöckel H, Grubisic A, et al. Spin conservation accounts for aluminum cluster anion reactivity pattern with O2. Science. 2008;319(5862):438-442.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Reschetilowski W. Technisch-Chemisches Praktikum. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2002.

An edited book

Nelson-Piercy C. Obstetric Medicine: A Problem-Based Approach. (Girling J, ed.). Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Tamás C, Tibor L. Horizontal Homogeneity and Vertical Heterogeneity of Building Up in Budapest. In: Tibor L, ed. Settlement Morphology of Budapest. Springer Geography. Springer International Publishing; 2016:67-71.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the American Pharmacists Association.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Brazil’s Sewage Woes Reflect The Growing Global Water Quality Crisis. IFLScience. August 9, 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. ADP Budget: Potential Reductions to the Department of the Army’s Budget Request. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Spencer KH. Exploring the Impact of Problem -Focused Case Writing Pedagogy on Novice Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices Concerning Effective Instructional Intervention for Young Children and Families. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Mets Enter Off-Season With One Big Question and Many Decisions. New York Times. October 7, 2016:B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the American Pharmacists Association
Abbreviation	J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. (2003)
ISSN (print)	1544-3191
Scope	Pharmacology (nursing) Pharmacology Pharmacy