How to format your references using the Journal of the Formosan Medical Association citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Beall J. Predatory publishers are corrupting open access. Nature. 2012 Sep 13;489(7415):179.

A journal article with 2 authors

Begley CG, Ellis LM. Drug development: Raise standards for preclinical cancer research. Nature. 2012 Mar 28;483(7391):531–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nuth JA 3rd, Hill HG, Kletetschka G. Determining the ages of comets from the fraction of crystalline dust. Nature. 2000 Jul 20;406(6793):275–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Garabato ACN, Polzin KL, King BA, Heywood KJ, Visbeck M. Widespread intense turbulent mixing in the Southern Ocean. Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):210–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Svrcek WY, Mahoney DP, Young BR. A Real-Time Approach to Process Control. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2007.

An edited book

Atluri V, editor. Data and Applications Security XXII: 22nd Annual IFIP WG 11.3 Working Conference on Data and Applications Security London, UK, July 13-16, 2008 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. XI, 352 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 5094).

A chapter in an edited book

Szekely I. From a Model Pupil to a Problematic Grown-Up: Enforcing Privacy and Data Protection in Hungary. In: Wright D, De Hert P, editors. Enforcing Privacy: Regulatory, Legal and Technological Approaches. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 79–104. (Law, Governance and Technology Series).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Formosan Medical Association.

Blog post

Andrew E. Goats Are Surprisingly Good At Learning Tasks [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/goats-are-surprisingly-good-learning-tasks/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Joint Information Environment: DOD Needs to Strengthen Governance and Management [Reissued on October 25, 2016]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016 Jul. Report No.: GAO-16-593.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zolfaghari SS. The relationship between folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 intakes and depression in women who use hormonal oral contraceptives [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. What Rhymes With Asbestos? An Urban Musical in Three Acts. New York Times. 2000 Dec 10;148.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
Abbreviation	J. Formos. Med. Assoc.
ISSN (print)	0929-6646
Scope	General Medicine