How to format your references using the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Glick S. Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921-2011). Nature. 2011 Jun 29;474(7353):580.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wang D, Su G. New strategy to promote conversion efficiency using high-index nanostructures in thin-film solar cells. Sci Rep. 2014 Nov 24;4:7165.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fischer J, Baumgartner J, Marschner C. Synthesis and structure of sila-adamantane. Science. 2005 Nov 4;310(5749):825.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Gierasch PJ, Ingersoll AP, Banfield D, Ewald SP, Helfenstein P, Simon-Miller A, et al. Observation of moist convection in Jupiter’s atmosphere. Galileo Imaging Team. Nature. 2000 Feb 10;403(6770):628–30.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jenkinson J, Hyde T, Ahmad S. Building Blocks for Learning: Occupational Therapy Approaches. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

P. Hettiaratchy S, Griffiths M, Ali F, Simmons J, editors. Plastic Surgery: A Problem Based Approach. London: Springer; 2012. XIX, 244 p. 35 illus., 26 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Chakraborty J, Bligh PL. Evaluation of Video Game Interfaces. In: Stephanidis C, editor. Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction Design for All and eInclusion: 6th International Conference, UAHCI 2011, Held as Part of HCI International 2011, Orlando, FL, USA, July 9-14, 2011, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 30–5. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

Blog post

Luntz S. Stress Harms Infants’ Learning Flexibility [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/stress-harms-infants-learning-flexibility/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology Management: Improvements Needed in Strategic Planning, Performance Measurement, and Investment Management Governmentwide. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004 Mar. Report No.: GAO-04-478T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Carey SA. Assessing the presence of antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus in reclaimed water used for spray irrigation [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schembari J. A Father, a Son and the Porsche They Went In On Together. New York Times. 2016 Oct 20;B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Vet. Intern. Med.
ISSN (print)	0891-6640
ISSN (online)	1939-1676
Scope	General Veterinary