How to format your references using the Journal of Youth Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Youth Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grayson, Michelle. 2012. “Malaria.” Nature 484 (7395): S13.

A journal article with 2 authors

Weiss, Jérôme, and David Marsan. 2003. “Three-Dimensional Mapping of Dislocation Avalanches: Clustering and Space/Time Coupling.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 299 (5603): 89–92.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fortin, Norbert J., Sean P. Wright, and Howard Eichenbaum. 2004. “Recollection-like Memory Retrieval in Rats Is Dependent on the Hippocampus.” Nature 431 (7005): 188–191.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Acharya, Abhinav P., Mohammad Rafi, Elliot C. Woods, Austin B. Gardner, and Niren Murthy. 2014. “Metabolic Engineering of Lactate Dehydrogenase Rescues Mice from Acidosis.” Scientific Reports 4 (June 2014): 5189.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Adams, Nicholas. 2013. Eclipse of Grace. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Allan, J. David. 2007. Stream Ecology: Structure and Function of Running Waters. Edited by Marí M. Castillo. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Weir, E. Kenneth, Zhigang Hong, Anthony Varghese, Daniel P. Nelson, and Andrea Olschewski. 2005. “Redox Signaling in Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction.” In Cell Signaling in Vascular Inflammation, edited by Jahar Bhattacharya, 27–33. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Youth Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2014. “Awesome Flying Car Prototype Unveiled.” IFLScience, IFLScience, October 31. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/awesome-flying-car-prototype-unveiled/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2015. Next Generation Air Transportation System: Improved Risk Analysis Could Strengthen FAA’s Global Interoperability Efforts. GAO-15-608. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Radcliffe, Mary L. 2012. “Random Graphs with Attribute Affinity.” Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, Kelly. 2000. “With Young Rhythm in His Bones, A Drummers’ Drummer Turns 80.” New York Times, September 17, 2000.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Grayson 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Grayson 2012; Weiss and Marsan 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Weiss and Marsan 2003)
Three authors: (Fortin, Wright, and Eichenbaum 2004)
4 or more authors: (Acharya et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Youth Studies
Abbreviation	J. Youth Stud.
ISSN (print)	1367-6261
ISSN (online)	1469-9680
Scope	General Social Sciences Sociology and Political Science Life-span and Life-course Studies