How to format your references using the Journalism Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journalism Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Netz, Reviel. 2002. “Portraits of Science. Proof, Amazement, and the Unexpected.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 298 (5595): 967–968.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gardner, Kevin H., and Fernando Correa. 2012. “Plant Science. How Plants See the Invisible.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 335 (6075): 1451–1452.

A journal article with 3 authors

Solov’yov, Ilia A., Tatiana Domratcheva, and Klaus Schulten. 2014. “Separation of Photo-Induced Radical Pair in Cryptochrome to a Functionally Critical Distance.” Scientific Reports 4 (January 2014): 3845.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Li, Wen, James D. Howard, Todd B. Parrish, and Jay A. Gottfried. 2008. “Aversive Learning Enhances Perceptual and Cortical Discrimination of Indiscriminable Odor Cues.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 319 (5871): 1842–1845.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anderson, Russell K. 2012. Visual Data Mining. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Dittrich, Yvonne, Margaret Burnett, Anders Mørch, and David Redmiles, eds. 2013. End-User Development: 4th International Symposium, IS-EUD 2013, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 10-13, 2013. Proceedings. Vol. 7897. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Gardbaum, Stephen. 2016. “Decoupling Judicial Review from Judicial Supremacy.” In Democratizing Constitutional Law: Perspectives on Legal Theory and the Legitimacy of Constitutionalism, edited by Thomas Bustamante and Bernardo Gonçalves Fernandes, 93–118. Law and Philosophy Library. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journalism Practice.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 2015. “Mushroom Used in Chinese Medicine Could Slow Weight Gain, Study Reports.” IFLScience, IFLScience, June 24. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/mushroom-used-chinese-medicine-could-slow-weight-gain-study-reports/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2004. Tax Policy: Historical Tax Treatment of INTELSAT and Current Tax Rules for Satellite Corporations. GAO-04-994. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cline, Donna. 2012. “Criminal Faces: Clinical Experiences of Forensic Artists.” Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, Mary. 2014. “Awash in an Olympics Afterglow, but Still Remote.” New York Times, March 2, 2014.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Netz 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Netz 2002; Gardner and Correa 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gardner and Correa 2012)
Three authors: (Solov’yov, Domratcheva, and Schulten 2014)
4 or more authors: (Li et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journalism Practice
ISSN (print)	1751-2786
ISSN (online)	1751-2794
Scope	Communication