How to format your references using the Karbala International Journal of Modern Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Karbala International Journal of Modern Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P.J. Crutzen, A late change to the programme, Nature 429 (2004) 349.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Y. Hoffman, Y. Pilpel, Gene expression. MicroRNAs silence the noisy genome, Science 348 (2015) 41–42.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. Henikoff, K. Ahmad, H.S. Malik, The centromere paradox: stable inheritance with rapidly evolving DNA, Science 293 (2001) 1098–1102.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

H. Li, J. Wang, G. Mor, J. Sklar, A neoplastic gene fusion mimics trans-splicing of RNAs in normal human cells, Science 321 (2008) 1357–1361.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

R.L. Bradley Jr., Edison to Enron, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

S. Katz, H. Ossher, R. France, J.-M. Jézéquel, eds., Transactions on Aspect-Oriented Software Development VI: Special Issue on Aspects and Model-Driven Engineering, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

R.J. Warth, P.J. Millett, Disorders of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon, in: P.J. Millett (Ed.), Physical Examination of the Shoulder: An Evidence-Based Approach, Springer, New York, NY, 2015: pp. 109–138.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Karbala International Journal of Modern Science.

Blog post

[1]

A. Carpineti, NASA Finds Huge Galaxy Cluster 8.5 Billion Light-Years From Us, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-finds-huge-galaxy-cluster-85-billion-light-years-us/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Honeywell Computer Equipment Supplied to DOD, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.N. Garfield-Kabbara, Through the Portal of Shame: A Path Toward Self-Love for Fatherless Daughters Living in Patriarchy, Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Williams, The Bright Side of 2016, New York Times (2016) BR6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Karbala International Journal of Modern Science
ISSN (print)	2405-609X
Scope