How to format your references using the Landscape and Ecological Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Landscape and Ecological Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Boyer P (2008) Being human: Religion: bound to believe? Nature 455:1038–1039

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhang M, Barash S (2000) Neuronal switching of sensorimotor transformations for antisaccades. Nature 408:971–975

A journal article with 3 authors

Fuerstman MJ, Garstecki P, Whitesides GM (2007) Coding/decoding and reversibility of droplet trains in microfluidic networks. Science 315:828–832

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Iwashita T, Kruger GM, Pardal R, et al (2003) Hirschsprung disease is linked to defects in neural crest stem cell function. Science 301:972–976

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dowd K (2005) Measuring Market Risk. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Gao C (ed) (2014) Robotic Cardiac Surgery. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

González ON, de Noya BA, Robertson LJ (2015) Epidemiological Factors Related to Foodborne Transmission of Chagas Disease. In: González O, Robertson LJ (eds) Trypanosoma cruzi as a Foodborne Pathogen. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 41–51

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Landscape and Ecological Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Watch Sulfuric Acid Melt A Kitchen Sponge in Slow Motion! In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) Year 2000 Computing Crisis: A Testing Guide (Supersedes AIMD-10.1.21). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Klyce LR (2008) Assessing parent-child agreement on an eating disorder symptom questionnaire. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman J (2017) Ancient Guano Reveals a Tale of Penguins Devastated by Volcanoes. New York Times A6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Boyer 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Zhang and Barash 2000; Boyer 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zhang and Barash 2000)
Three or more authors: (Iwashita et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Landscape and Ecological Engineering
Abbreviation	Landsc. Ecol. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1860-1871
ISSN (online)	1860-188X
Scope	Ecology Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Nature and Landscape Conservation