How to format your references using the Language and Communication citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Language and Communication. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clary, D.C., 2005. Chemistry. Geometric phase in chemical reactions. Science 309, 1195–1196.

A journal article with 2 authors

Davis, C.J., Johnson, C.G., 2005. Lightning-induced intensification of the ionospheric sporadic E layer. Nature 435, 799–801.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lamas-Linares, A., Howell, J.C., Bouwmeester, D., 2001. Stimulated emission of polarization-entangled photons. Nature 412, 887–890.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wu, F.-F., Chan, K.C., Jiang, S.-S., Chen, S.-H., Wang, G., 2014. Bulk metallic glass composite with good tensile ductility, high strength and large elastic strain limit. Sci. Rep. 4, 5302.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Renaud, B., Kim, K.-H., Cho, M., 2016. Dynamics of Housing in East Asia. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Colombo, E., 2006. Financial Market Imperfections and Corporate Decisions: Lessons from the Transition Process in Hungary, Contributions to Economics. Physica-Verlag HD, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhao, M., Song, L., Fan, X., 2011. The Boundary Theory in Construction of Multicomponent Isothermal Sections, in: Song, L., Fan, X. (Eds.), The Boundary Theory of Phase Diagrams and Its Application: Rules for Phase Diagram Construction with Phase Regions and Their Boundaries. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 107–121.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Language and Communication.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2016. Google Tracks The Benefit Of Vaccinations [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1994. Radio Marti: Program Review Processes Need Strengthening (No. NSIAD-94-265). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pettengill, J.B., 2010. Elucidating the macro- and micro-evolutionary relationships of the federally listed endangered species Agalinis acuta (Orobanchaceae) (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Clarke, J., 2017. The Ashes That Got Away. New York Times SP8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clary, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Clary, 2005; Davis and Johnson, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Davis and Johnson, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Wu et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Language and Communication
Abbreviation	Lang. Commun.
ISSN (print)	0271-5309
Scope	Language and Linguistics Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Social Psychology Linguistics and Language Communication