How to format your references using the Large-scale Assessments in Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Large-scale Assessments in Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Serhan, C. N. (2014). Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology. Nature, 510(7503), 92–101.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lloyd-Jones, G. C., & Ball, L. T. (2014). Catalysis. Self-control tames the coupling of reactive radicals. Science (New York, N.Y.), 345(6195), 381–382.

A journal article with 3 authors

Walkden, G., Parker, J., & Kelley, S. (2002). A late Triassic impact ejecta layer in southwestern Britain. Science (New York, N.Y.), 298(5601), 2185–2188.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Das, N., Chatterjee, S., Kumar, S., Pradhan, A., Panigrahi, P., Vitkin, I. A., & Ghosh, N. (2014). Tissue multifractality and Born approximation in analysis of light scattering: a novel approach for precancers detection. Scientific reports, 4, 6129.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Orford, J. (2012). Addiction Dilemmas. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Rossmann, M. G., & Rao, V. B. (Eds.). (2012). Viral Molecular Machines (Vol. 726). Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Takeda, K. (2010). The Lipid A Receptor. In J.-F. Jeannin (Ed.), Lipid A in Cancer Therapy (pp. 53–58). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Large-scale Assessments in Education.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2017, January 9). Searching Deep And Dark: Building A Google For The Less Visible Parts Of The Web. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/searching-deep-and-dark-building-a-google-for-the-less-visible-parts-of-the-web/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1995). Space Shuttle: Declining Budget and Tight Schedule Could Jeopardize Space Station Support (No. NSIAD-95-171). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Visweswaran, K. (2017). Face Recognition Technique for Blurred/Unclear Images (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, C. (2014, November 15). Choosing to Live Abroad in Retirement. New York Times, p. B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Serhan 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Lloyd-Jones and Ball 2014; Serhan 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lloyd-Jones and Ball 2014)
Three or more authors: (Das et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Large-scale Assessments in Education
Abbreviation	Large Scale Assess. Educ.
ISSN (online)	2196-0739
Scope