How to format your references using the Learning, Media and Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Learning, Media and Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tachibana-Konwalski, Kikuë. 2015. “Cell Division: Hold on and Let Go.” Nature 517 (7535): 441–442.

A journal article with 2 authors

Buss, Joshua A., and Theodor Agapie. 2016. “Four-Electron Deoxygenative Reductive Coupling of Carbon Monoxide at a Single Metal Site.” Nature 529 (7584): 72–75.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rossi, D. J., T. Oshima, and D. Attwell. 2000. “Glutamate Release in Severe Brain Ischaemia Is Mainly by Reversed Uptake.” Nature 403 (6767): 316–321.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Wei, M. C., W. X. Zong, E. H. Cheng, T. Lindsten, V. Panoutsakopoulou, A. J. Ross, K. A. Roth, G. R. MacGregor, C. B. Thompson, and S. J. Korsmeyer. 2001. “Proapoptotic BAX and BAK: A Requisite Gateway to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Death.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 292 (5517): 727–730.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Corrigan, Patrick W., David Roe, and Hector W. H. Tsang. 2011. Challenging the Stigma of Mental Illness. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Mingos, D. Michael P., ed. 2016. The Chemical Bond I: 100 Years Old and Getting Stronger. Vol. 169. Structure and Bonding. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Kumar, Surender, and Shunsuke Managi. 2009. “Total Factor Productivity of Indian Industry.” In The Economics of Sustainable Development: The Case of India, edited by Surender Kumar, 85–105. New York, NY: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Learning, Media and Technology.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2016. “What Are Delusions – And How Best Can We Treat Them?” IFLScience, IFLScience, May 3.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1972. HUD Urban Studies Fellowship Program. 092422. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Churney, Kristen. 2014. “Drawing and Multimodality Communication Training as an Effective Treatment Option for Individuals with Nonfluent Aphasia.” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dynarski, Susan. 2015. “The Dangers of a Student Data Clampdown.” New York Times, June 13, 2015.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Tachibana-Konwalski 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Tachibana-Konwalski 2015; Buss and Agapie 2016).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Buss and Agapie 2016)
Three authors: (Rossi, Oshima, and Attwell 2000)
4 or more authors: (Wei et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Learning, Media and Technology
Abbreviation	Learn. Media Technol.
ISSN (print)	1743-9884
ISSN (online)	1743-9892
Scope	Media Technology Education