How to format your references using the Low Temperature Physics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Low Temperature Physics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

¹ D.A. Kniffen, “Instrument’s ability to do the job is NASA’s priority,” Nature 405(6782), 14 (2000).

A journal article with 2 authors

¹ G. Arnqvist, and L. Rowe, “Antagonistic coevolution between the sexes in a group of insects,” Nature 415(6873), 787–789 (2002).

A journal article with 3 authors

¹ P. Lassus, X. Opitz-Araya, and Y. Lazebnik, “Requirement for caspase-2 in stress-induced apoptosis before mitochondrial permeabilization,” Science 297(5585), 1352–1354 (2002).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

¹ D.K. Aanen, H.H. de Fine Licht, A.J.M. Debets, N.A.G. Kerstes, R.F. Hoekstra, and J.J. Boomsma, “High symbiont relatedness stabilizes mutualistic cooperation in fungus-growing termites,” Science 326(5956), 1103–1106 (2009).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

¹ L.J. Ippolito Jr., Satellite Communications Systems Engineering (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2017).

An edited book

¹ C.G. Galizia, and P.-M. Lledo, editors , Neurosciences - From Molecule to Behavior: A University Textbook (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013).

A chapter in an edited book

¹ R. Sanz, J. Bermejo, I. López, and J. Gómez, “A Real-Time Agent System Perspective of Meaning and Sapience,” in Toward Artificial Sapience: Principles and Methods for Wise Systems, edited by R.V. Mayorga and L.I. Perlovsky, (Springer, London, 2008), pp. 61–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Low Temperature Physics.

Blog post

¹ K. Hamilton, “Amazing GIFs of Octopus Camouflage,” IFLScience, (2014).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

¹ Government Accountability Office, K-12 Education: Selected Cases of Public and Private Schools That Hired or Retained Individuals with Histories of Sexual Misconduct (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2010).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

¹ H. Sponsel, Was Sagte Dieser Schiller (Damals)? Schillers Antworten Auf Seine Kritiker Nach 1945, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

¹ B. Kenigsberg, “Film Series,” New York Times, C24 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Low Temperature Physics
Abbreviation	Low Temp. Phys.
ISSN (print)	1063-777X
ISSN (online)	1090-6517
Scope	General Physics and Astronomy Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)