How to format your references using the Machine Translation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Machine Translation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Check E (2002) Call for cloning ban splits UN. Nature 416:3

A journal article with 2 authors

Solozhenko VL, Kurakevych OO (2013) Equilibrium p-T phase diagram of boron: experimental study and thermodynamic analysis. Sci Rep 3:2351

A journal article with 3 authors

Milinski M, Semmann D, Krambeck H-J (2002) Reputation helps solve the “tragedy of the commons.” Nature 415:424–426

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Vöhringer-Martinez E, Hansmann B, Hernandez-Soto H, et al (2007) Water catalysis of a radical-molecule gas-phase reaction. Science 315:497–501

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Borchard-Tuch C, Groß M (2005) Was Biotronik alles kann. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG

An edited book

Kingah S, Quiliconi C (eds) (2016) Global and Regional Leadership of BRICS Countries, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Lastovetsky A (2009) Model-Based Optimization of MPI Collective Operations for Computational Clusters. In: Ropo M, Westerholm J, Dongarra J (eds) Recent Advances in Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface: 16th European PVM/MPI Users’ Group Meeting, Espoo, Finland, September 7-10, 2009. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 4–5

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Machine Translation.

Blog post

Andrew D (2016) We Need Clear Rules To Avoid A Real Star Wars In Outer Space. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/we-need-clear-rules-to-avoid-a-real-star-wars-in-outer-space/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1976) NASA’s Choice of a Location for Its Proposed Lunar Curatorial Facility. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nash MC (2017) Reading Achievement: A Study of Perceptions of First-Grade Teachers and the Relationship Between Attendance and Reading Achievement. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cohen P (2017) Storms Lead Jobs to Fall; First Decline In 7 Years. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Check 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Check 2002; Solozhenko and Kurakevych 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Solozhenko and Kurakevych 2013)
Three or more authors: (Vöhringer-Martinez et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Machine Translation
Abbreviation	Mach. Transl.
ISSN (print)	0922-6567
ISSN (online)	1573-0573
Scope	Language and Linguistics Artificial Intelligence Software Linguistics and Language