How to format your references using the Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal (MOJ). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rachman S. Cleaning damned spots from the obsessive mind. Nature. 2013;503(7474):7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Castro JM, Dingwell DB. Rapid ascent of rhyolitic magma at Chaitén volcano, Chile. Nature. 2009;461(7265):780-783.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rastogi D, Suzuki M, Greally JM. Differential epigenome-wide DNA methylation patterns in childhood obesity-associated asthma. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2164.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chan F, Barth JA, Lubchenco J, Kirincich A, Weeks H, Peterson WT, et al. Emergence of anoxia in the California current large marine ecosystem. Science. 2008;319(5865):920.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zack GM. Financial Statement Fraud. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Oliehoek FA. A Concise Introduction to Decentralized POMDPs. (Amato C, ed.). Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Li B, Jia W. ABA Transport and Distribution in Relation to Its Function in Plants. In: Zhang D-P, ed. Abscisic Acid: Metabolism, Transport and Signaling. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014:61-75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal.

Blog post

Luntz S. The Oldest Organisms In The World. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/oldest-organisms-world-0/. Published May 29, 2014. Accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. ADP Procurement: DOD’s Approach to Providing Logistics Data on Compact Disk Is Justified. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Warren KL. Agents of change: A new role for learners in online workplace training. 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker L. Redevelopment Project Doubles as Social Experiment. New York Times. November 25, 2009:B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ^².
This sentence cites two references ^²,⁴.
This sentence cites four references ^{²,⁴,⁶,⁸}.

About the journal

Full journal title	Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal
ISSN (print)	1985-2533
ISSN (online)	2232-111X
Scope