How to format your references using the Marine Mammal Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Marine Mammal Science (MMS). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Banda, E. (2002). Science in Europe. Implementing the European research area. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5554), 443.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kurtz, J., & Franz, K. (2003). Innate defence: evidence for memory in invertebrate immunity. Nature, 425(6953), 37–38.

A journal article with 3 authors

Luo, Z.-X., Ji, Q., & Yuan, C.-X. (2007). Convergent dental adaptations in pseudo-tribosphenic and tribosphenic mammals. Nature, 450(7166), 93–97.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Yuan, Y.-J., Yu, Z.-T., Liu, X.-J., Cai, J.-G., Guan, Z.-J., & Zou, Z.-G. (2014). Hydrogen photogeneration promoted by efficient electron transfer from iridium sensitizers to colloidal MoS2 catalysts. Scientific Reports, 4, 4045.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Liu, H., & Li, G. (2006). OFDM-Based Broadband Wireless Networks. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Trecca, A. (Ed.). (2012). Ileoscopy: Technique, Diagnosis, and Clinical Applications. Milano: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ulivieri, C., Laneve, G., & Ortore, E. (2010). The “Ulingo” Mid-Low Latitudes Observation (MILO) Mission. In R. Sandau, H.-P. Roeser, & A. Valenzuela (Eds.), Small Satellite Missions for Earth Observation: New Developments and Trends (pp. 67–72). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Marine Mammal Science.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2016, May 24). Desert Bird Stays Cool By Losing Heat Through Its Giant Bill. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from IFLScience website: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/desert-bird-stays-cool-losing-heat-through-its-giant-bill/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1997). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Light Truck Average Fuel Economy Standard, Model Year 1999 (No. OGC-97-36). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Navolio, L. M. (2004). The process of individuation as embodied in symbols, images, and alchemical motifs: A psychological study based on twelve paintings by Remedios Varo (Doctoral dissertation). Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart, S. (2015, March 12). High Spirits on the Intracoastal. New York Times, p. TR10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Banda, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Banda, 2002; Kurtz and Franz, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kurtz and Franz, 2003)
Three authors: (Luo et al., 2007)
6 or more authors: (Yuan et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Marine Mammal Science
ISSN (print)	0824-0469
ISSN (online)	1748-7692
Scope